diff --git a/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html b/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
index a840c1e..ef8ecf1 100644
--- a/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
+++ b/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 folder:</p>
 
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="43"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="43">&lt;?php
 
 class Upload extends Controller {
 	
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 		}
 	}	
 }
-?></textarea>
+?&gt;</textarea>
 
 
 <h2>The Upload Folder</h2>
diff --git a/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html b/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
index 684fe9b..b49117e 100644
--- a/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
+++ b/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
 
 <p>Your controller should now look like this:</p>
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="28"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="28">&lt;?php
 
 class Form extends Controller {
 	
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
 <p>Then add a new function called <dfn>username_check</dfn> to your controller.  Here's how your controller should now look:</p>
 
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="44"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="44">&lt;?php
 
 class Form extends Controller {
 	
diff --git a/user_guide/libraries/validation.html b/user_guide/libraries/validation.html
index 394be19..821e3cf 100644
--- a/user_guide/libraries/validation.html
+++ b/user_guide/libraries/validation.html
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
 
 <p>Your controller should now look like this:</p>
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="28"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="28">&lt;?php
 
 class Form extends Controller {
 	
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
 <p>Then add a new function called <dfn>username_check</dfn> to your controller.  Here's how your controller should look:</p>
 
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="44"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="44">&lt;?php
 
 class Form extends Controller {
 	
diff --git a/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html b/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
index e329e4a..c5f3839 100644
--- a/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
+++ b/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
 <p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>xmlrpc_client.php</dfn>.
 In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp> folder:</p>
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="32"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="32">&lt;?php
 
 class Xmlrpc_client extends Controller {
 	
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
 <p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>xmlrpc_server.php</dfn>.
 In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp> folder:</p>
 
-<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="30"><?php
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="30">&lt;?php
 
 class Xmlrpc_server extends Controller {